![]() Other circulators may be based within waveguides and these can be used in RF system design applications that incorporate waveguide technology. The key RF circuit design challenge for these devices is to ensure the optimum transfer and isolation occurs.Ĭirculators may use strip-line printed circuit board technology (but normally using very low loss dielectric or PCB materials) and be contained within metal boxes with connectors or other connections to the outside world - some even use surface mount technology. However in reality, there is always some attenuation in the transfer path, and some signal always leaks onto the ports that should be isolated. The ideal circulator will transfer all the power from one port to the required port, and none to any other. An input to port 3 will pass to port 1, but not in reverse to port 2. A signal applied to port 1 will be passed to port 2: a signal input to port 2 will pass to port 3, but not back to port 1. The RF circulator gains its name because it circulates the power entering one port only to the next one. The connections to RF circulators are normally called ports, and in addition to this they are normally numbered as 1, 2, 3, etc. Generally because they require relatively specialist materials and techniques they are available as commercially made items, but they come in a variety of formats and with a variety of forms of connector. RF and Microwave circulators are available in a variety of forms for use in a variety of microwave and RF designs. RF circulators are receive their name because they transfer power from one port to the next, circulating it from say, entering at port one to output at port two, and entering at port two to exit at port three. RF circulators are used in many RF applications acting as a duplexer, allowing both transmit and receive functions to occur simultaneously, they are widely used in RF design applications including radar systems and a variety of professional radio communications systems. RF or microwave circulators or isolators are devices that often used in microwave, mmWave and RF designs and they typically have three and sometimes four ports and they are used in RF system designs that require power from one port to be transferred to another whilst isolating power from the other. RF / Microwave Circulator / Isolator Basics RF or microwave circulators are typically three port devices based on ferromagnetic materials that steer RF power from one port to another, while isolating this power from the others and are therefore used in many mmWave, microwave and RF designs.
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